Results:Tremor was present in 41 patients (45.55%) who had dystonia, including 21 of 41 patients (51.21%) with cervical dystonia, 15 of 34 (44.11%) with limb dystonia, and 5 of 15 (33.33%) with cranial dystonia. Surface electromyography studies of tremor were recorded of the involved limb in different positions. Patients were assessed for tremor in the head and in different body parts. Methods:This cross-sectional study included 90 patients with adult-onset, isolated dystonia from a tertiary care movement disorder center in India. Project description:Background:Tremor is an important phenotypic motor feature in dystonia, but there is limited literature regarding its prevalence and phenomenology. A small percentage of focal cases are due to mutations in CIZ1, ANO3, THAP1, TUBB4A, and GNAL, but the vast majority. The most common form of PTD is adult onset focal accounting for about 90% of all cases of dystonia with a prevalence estimated at 30/100,000 in the general population. Each is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait but with reduced penetrance, meaning that individuals can carry the mutation but do not show clinical symptoms.

Eleven genes have been mapped for primary dystonia including DYT1 ( TOR1A), DYT2, DYT4 ( TUBB4A), DYT6 ( THAP1), DYT7, DYT13, DYT17, DYT21, CIZ1 ( CIZ1), DYT24 ( ANO3), and DYT25 ( GNAL) however only 3 ( TOR1A, THAP1, and GNAL) have mutations in early onset dystonia patients. ABSTRACT: Primary torsin dystonias (PTD) are a group of movement disorders characterized by twisting muscle contractures, where dystonia is the only clinical sign (except for tremor) and there is no evidence of neuronal degeneration or an acquired cause.

Non tremulous